Oncology is the branch of medicine that studies, identifies and treats cancer. A physician working in the field of oncology is called an oncologist.
Oncologists must usually diagnose a cancer by biopsy, endoscopy, x-ray, CT scan, MRI, PET scan, ultrasound, or other radiological methods. Nuclear medicine can also be used to diagnose cancer, such as blood tests or tumor markers. Oncology is generally associated with hematology, which is the branch of medicine that deals with blood and blood-related disorders.
Pediatric oncology is the medical specialty that focuses on cancer care for children. Pediatric oncology is an important field of medicine that treats all types of pediatric cancer, including acute lymphocytic leukemia, neuroblastoma, brain and other central nervous system tumors. Treatment is often different from adult oncology. Pediatric oncology treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and/or stem cell transplant.
Treatment in the Field of Oncology
After diagnosis, the oncologist discusses the stage of the disease with the patient. Staging will determine the treatment of cancer. In addition to chemotherapy, which is defined as the destruction of cancer cells, radiation therapy can also be used. Surgery is used to remove tumors. Hormone therapy is used to treat certain types of cancer, and monoclonal antibody therapies are gaining popularity. Research continues on cancer vaccines and immunotherapies. Palliative care in oncology treats pain and other symptoms of cancer.
Cancer is usually treated in a team effort with at least two or three types of oncologists, including medical, surgical or radiation. The oncology treatment team may also include a pathologist, diagnostic radiologist, or oncology nurse. In the case of a new or difficult-to-treat cancer, the oncology care team may consult a tumor board made up of diverse medical professionals from all relevant disciplines. He examines the tumor in an established state and recommends starting cancer treatment for the patient.
Which Diseases Does the Oncology Specialist Treat?
The specialty of the oncologist is cancerous cells. Oncology, which has an extremely important place, is closely interested in the treatment and diagnosis of many diseases. At this point, oncology specialists deal with leukemia, kidney cancer, bone cancer, liver cancer and various other types of cancer. These specialists, also referred to as oncologists, are responsible for starting the treatment process after making a diagnosis. At this point, we can state that all stages of the cancerous cell are followed by the specialist in question.
Sub-branches of Oncology
Gynecological Oncology: It deals with the type of cancer found in the reproductive organs of women.
Medical Oncology: It is the branch of oncology that deals with the drugs of cancer patients.
Pediatric Oncology: Specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in children.
Radiation Oncology: Specializes in the field of radiotherapy.
Surgical Oncology: It deals with biopsy, tumor removal and various surgical operations.
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